Course Descriptions - Spring Arbor University (2024)

Accounting

• ACC 221 - Principles of Accounting I

  Credit Hours: 3

  Involves the study of the principles of bookkeeping and financial reporting. Examines the accounting cycle, which deals with the analysis, journaling, and posting of business transactions within the double-entry framework, and specialized accounting procedures for service and merchandising businesses.

  Prerequisite: SAT Math Subtest score of 29 or equivalent or a math course over MAT 100.

• ACC 222 - Principles of Accounting II

  Credit Hours: 3

  A continuation of ACC 221. Shifts emphasis from sole proprietorships and partnerships to corporations operating in a manufacturing environment. Includes preparation and analysis of financial statements.

  Prerequisite: ACC 221

• ACC 314 - Cost and Managerial Accounting Theory

  Credit Hours: 3

  Explores the nature of cost accounting, cost concepts and terms, and the flow of costs in an accounting system using case studies to enhance an understanding of real-life applications. Focuses on the use of accounting data by managers and cost accounting fundamentals, standard costing, cost allocation, costing systems, and variance analysis.

  Prerequisite: ACC 222

• ACC 317 - Intermediate Accounting I

  Credit Hours: 3

  Covers objectives of accounting and the processes that have evolved in response to the objectives. Students develop an understanding of basic accounting statements and the limits involved in their preparation. A detailed study of the conceptual framework of accounting, income statements, balance sheet, and all assets.

  Prerequisite: ACC 222

• ACC 318 - Intermediate Accounting II

  Credit Hours: 3

  A continuation of ACC 317 with a more detailed study of liabilities, income tax accounting, owner’s equity, statements of cash flows, financial statement analysis, and price change accounting.

  Prerequisite: ACC 317

• ACC 341 - Cost and Managerial Accounting Practice

  Credit Hours: 3

  Examines how managers use cost accounting data in the task of conducting businesses. Highlights the benefits of a thorough understanding of accounting information. Broadly exposes how management accountants contribute to the internal decision-making process. Topics include determining cost behavior, cost relevance and the decision process, pricing decisions, management control systems, cost management in the context of quality and time, inventory management, decentralization and transfer compensation, cost-volume-profit and budgeting, and control.

  Prerequisite: ACC 222

• ACC 360 - Accounting Information Systems

  Credit Hours: 3

  Studies computer-based information systems including basic concepts, accounting applications, internal controls, and system design and implementation. Includes PC-based accounting systems and their information processing methods.

  Prerequisite: ACC 222 and BUS 162

• ACC 391 - Individual Taxation

  Credit Hours: 3

  Introduces the federal internal revenue code and income tax regulations applicable to individuals and partnerships, such as gross income, taxable income, income tax exemptions and deductions, income tax credits, tax basis of assets, tax determination, personal and dependency exemptions, property transactions, gross income, deductions and losses, depreciation, tax credits, and alternative minimum tax.

  Prerequisite: ACC 222

• ACC 392 - Organizational Taxation

  Credit Hours: 3

  Examines the federal internal revenue code and income tax regulations applicable to corporations. Topics to be covered are corporations (introduction, operating rules and related corporations), organization and capital structure, distributions in liquidations, corporate accumulations, as well as exempt entities.

  Prerequisite: ACC 391

• ACC 404 - Fund Accounting

  Credit Hours: 3

  Emphasizes accounting for the state and local government units. Accounting for hospitals, colleges, universities, and other not-for-profit organizations is also covered.

  Prerequisite: ACC 317

• ACC 442 - Auditing Principles I

  Credit Hours: 3

  A capstone course integrating accounting standards, accounting systems, internal control structures, the auditing functions of evidence gathering, evaluation, and reporting within the context of the professional environment. Also includes the audit function, professional standards and ethics, the auditor’s legal liability, the audit evidence process, and auditing sampling techniques. Designed to produce competence in auditing theory and practice.

  Prerequisite: ACC 318 and BUS 351.
  Concurrent: BUS 351 may be taken concurrently.

• ACC 443 - Auditing Principles II

  Credit Hours: 3

  A continuation of ACC 442. Examines the audit engagement, beginning with planning of the engagement and risk assessment; the processes of auditing the revenue, conversion, financing, and investing cycles; and special reports, compilation, and review engagements. Concludes with the completion of the audit engagement and reporting on audited financial statements.

  Prerequisite: ACC 442

• ACC 447 - Advanced Accounting

  Credit Hours: 4

  Examines special accounting problems relating to business combinations, the preparation of consolidated financial statements, accounting for partnerships, business failures, estates and trusts, etc.

  Prerequisite: ACC 318

Advertising and Public Relations

• APR 309 - Advertising Strategies

  Credit Hours: 3

  Examines principles, methods, techniques, and ethics of advertising in media. Emphasis is on the execution of research-based creative strategies.

• APR 311 - Corporate Communication

  Credit Hours: 3

  Analyzes the role, function, development, and application of communication in the corporate setting including employee communication, work styles, gender issues, nonverbal, listening, interviewing, resume writing, leading meetings, performance appraisals, small group/team problem solving, and professional presentations

  Prerequisite: ENG 104 and Gen. Ed. oral communication course (COM 212, SPE 100 or SPE 212).

Arabic

• ARA 155A - Elementary Arabic I

  Credit Hours: 3

  Training in the elements of grammar, vocabulary acquisition, and pronunciation with practice in conversation. Taught in the Kelsey Language School in Jordan in a semester abroad experience.

• ARA 155B - Elementary Arabic II

  Credit Hours: 3

  Continuation of ARA 155A. Taught in the Kelsey Language School in Jordan in a semester abroad experience.

  Prerequisite: ARA 155A

• ARA 255A - Intermediate Arabic I

  Credit Hours: 3

  Acquisition of extensive vocabulary; development of conversation and communicative skills and survey of essential grammatical structures. Taught in the Kelsey Language School in Jordan in a semester abroad experience.

  Prerequisite: ARA 155B

• ARA 255B - Intermediate Arabic II

  Credit Hours: 3

  Continuation of ARA 255A. Taught in the Kelsey Language School in Jordan in a semester abroad experience.

  Prerequisite: ARA 255A

• ARA 355 - Advanced Arabic and Culture Courses

  Credit Hours: 3

  Varies topics in Arabic culture and language. Taught in the Kelsey Language School in Jordan in a semester abroad experience.

  Prerequisite: ARA 255B

Art

• ART 152 - Art Foundations

  Credit Hours: 2

  Introduces art ideas, basic concepts, skills, and materials used by artists in visual and tactile perception. Examines art in its historic relationship to religion, visual media’s influence on contemporary living, and the need for critical thinking and analysis for enrichment of art and life. Not applicable to major or minor.

  Course Fee: Yes

• ART 162 - Drawing I

  Credit Hours: 3

  Introduces drawing principles and techniques, including contour, gesture, modeling, and shading, are used to explore forms of still life, landscape, and architecture.

  Course Fee: Yes

  Minimum Grade Required C for media and visual arts department majors

• ART 165 - Two-Dimensional Design

  Credit Hours: 3

  Studio-classroom approach to the elements and principles of design. Various two-dimensional techniques are explored in line, shape, space, and texture to prepare the student for advanced work in the various areas of the visual arts. C or better for media and visual arts department majors.

  Course Fee: Yes

• ART 166 - Three-Dimensional Design

  Credit Hours: 4

  Studio-classroom approach to the elements and philosophy of design. Traditional and contemporary techniques are examined and practiced with special attention to developing personal creativity. Works are executed in clay, plaster, wood, and mixed media.

  Course Fee: Yes

  Minimum Grade Required C for media and visual arts department majors

• ART 167 - Color

  Credit Hours: 2

  Explores the visual element and concepts of color used in the visual arts. Emphasis on color theories, color manipulation and color organization used in both graphic and fine arts. Students begin with the traditional color wheel to classic painting concepts through current color technology.

  Course Fee: Yes

  Minimum Grade Required C for media and visual arts department majors

• ART 205 - Foundations of Photography

  Credit Hours: 3

  Introduces the methods, theories, processes, and history of photography using both digital and analog platforms.

  Course Fee: Yes

• ART 213 - Painting I

  Credit Hours: 3

  Introduces major techniques of painting and a full range of painting media and stylistic modes. Focuses on oil-based media.

  Prerequisite: ART 162, ART 165, and ART 167
  Course Fee: Yes

  Minimum Grade Required C for media and visual arts department majors

• ART 263 - Drawing II

  Credit Hours: 4

  Introduces principles of figure drawing with emphasis on anatomy, structure, form and articulation while working with different human subjects.

  Course Fee: Yes

  Minimum Grade Required C for media and visual arts department majors

• ART 272 - Introduction to Graphic Design

  Credit Hours: 4

  Introduces the art of graphic design and its historical development and basic styles. Exposure to current software in relation to basic layout construction and design.

  Course Fee: Yes

  Minimum Grade Required C for media and visual arts department majors

• ART 274 - Graphic Design I

  Credit Hours: 4

  Focuses on developing aptitude in graphic design work using current graphic design software. Explores basic terms, concepts, processes, and tools in contemporary design. Instruction in preparing art for reproduction, visual problem solving, and communication.

  Prerequisite: ART 272
  Course Fee: Yes

  Minimum Grade Required C for media and visual arts department majors

• ART 306 - Tools and Techniques of Photography

  Credit Hours: 3

  Intermediate level examination of cameras, lighting, and photographic vision using digital and analog platforms.

  Prerequisite: ART 205
  Course Fee: Yes

• ART 314 - Painting II

  Credit Hours: 4

  A continuation of ART 213 with emphasis upon a variety of media. Students are encouraged to experiment in new directions through the combination of various painting media with other two- or three-dimensional techniques.

  Prerequisite: ART 213
  Minimum Grade Required C for media and visual arts department majors.

• ART 320 - History of Modern Art

  Credit Hours: 3

  Examines major changes in the art world during the Modern and Post-Modern eras in relation to the primary artists, art pieces and movements. Explores the major Modern art movements such as Cubism, Futurism, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, and Pop Art, among others, as well as significant artists of the Modern era such as Pablo Picasso and Andy Warhol. Focuses on philosophical and theological changes reflected in modern art.

• ART 326 - History of Art: Renaissance to 19th Century Western Art

  Credit Hours: 3

  Explores the history of art from the 14th century through the 19th century.

• ART 333 - Graphic Design II

  Credit Hours: 4

  Analyzes advanced problems in layout and design technique for advertising art using current design software as a tool to prepare work for publication, and photo manipulation and retouching. Emphasis on the importance of qualitative and aesthetic standards in the graphic arts. C or better for media and visual arts department majors

  Prerequisite: ART 274
  Course Fee: Yes

• ART 334 - Graphic Design III

  Credit Hours: 3

  Students design and prepare a graphic design/artwork portfolio to present as a career tool. Emphasis on visual problem solving for artistic and commercial applications.

  Prerequisite: ART 333
  Course Fee: Yes

  Minimum Grade Required C for media and visual arts department majors

• ART 376 - Typography

  Credit Hours: 3

  Training in type design and layout, including the study of rules and conventions of design and a brief history of type styles in use today.

• ART 406 - Portrait/Commercial Photography

  Credit Hours: 3

  An exploration of techniques and equipment used in portrait and commercial photography, both in studio and on location

  Prerequisite: ART 306
  Course Fee: Yes

• ART 415 - Advanced Practice

  Credit Hours: 3

  Continued work in two- or three-dimensional design, including drawing, printmaking, painting, sculpture, ceramics, graphic design, and mixed media. Emphasis on individual direction and goals.

  Repeatable for Credit: Two times, 9 total credit hours
  Minimum Grade Required C for media and visual arts department majors

• ART 416 - Portfolio

  Credit Hours: 3

  As recommended. Students who do not pass ART 415with a C or bettermay be required to take the Portfolio course. Special emphasis on fundamental design and creative problem solving within the student’s concentration. Aids students in portfolio compilation that meets departmental standards.

  Prerequisite: ART 415
  Minimum Grade Required C for media and visual arts department majors

• ART 436 - Photography Portfolio

  Credit Hours: 2

  Individualized advanced projects in photography with an emphasis on the process involved in generating a portfolio of images, a coherent body of work based upon a theme, concept, style or selected subject matter.

  Prerequisite: ART 306

• ART 471 - Senior Art Exhibition

  Credit Hours: 3

  Students prepare and exhibit a body of high-quality work related to their emphasis. The exhibition process develops skills, attitudes, and values needed for success in graduate study in visual art and professional careers.

  Graded: P/F

AuSable Institute

• ASI XXX - Au Sable Institute Courses

  Credit Hours: 4

  See www.ausable.org for course descriptions, locations, and application process.

  Prerequisite: See course descriptions on Au Sable website

Audio Production

• AUD 174 - Radio Production

  Credit Hours: 3

  Examines day-to-day operations of a radio station. Introduces principles of station management and promotion, and techniques used to write, produce, and perform various types of programming for live and voice-tracked broadcasts.

• AUD 302 - Introduction to Podcasting

  Credit Hours: 1

  Students create and distribute a podcast. Emphasis on identifying theme, writing dynamic copy, interviewing and using mechanics of production including audio editing and mixing.

  Additional Requirements:
  Access to audio editing software

• AUD 321 - Sound Design

  Credit Hours: 3

  A concentrated study of the science of sound and audio in both live and studio settings. Explores concepts of microphone construction, design and placement, acoustics, mixing, equalizing, recording and sound editing for film, video and live events. Emphasis on practical, hands-on application of audio recording principles and practices.

Biblical Studies

• BIB 217 - Survey of the Old Testament

  Credit Hours: 3

  Surveys the Old Testament as a collection of sacred Jewish and Christian texts, as divine revelation, and as a source for spiritual formation and ministry, focusing especially on the ways these texts depict God, the identity and destiny of humankind, and the role of the community of faith in God’s redemptive work in the world. Introduces critical approaches to interpretation of the Old Testament. Considers and emphasizes how to faithfully embody these texts.

• BIB 218 - Survey of the New Testament

  Credit Hours: 3

  Surveys the New Testament, focusing on the presentation of Jesus Christ, his life, his message and his church. Examines the New Testament as a collection of 1st century documents of the Early Church, as the revelation of God, and as a source for spiritual formation and ministry. Introduces critical approaches to the interpretation of the New Testament. Considers and emphasizes how to faithfully embody these texts.

• BIB 220 - Biblical Interpretation

  Credit Hours: 3

  Introduces interpretation of the Bible as the Church’s Scriptures using a variety of ecclesial lenses (encompassing patristic, medieval, Reformation, critical, and post-critical contributions). Students develop initial skills in the inductive study of biblical texts, in the larger process of biblical exegesis, and in the engagement of biblical texts as part of the Church’s ongoing theological reflection and practice.

• BIB 302 - Old Testament Historical Books

  Credit Hours: 3

  An exegetical study of Joshua through Esther as part of the Church’s Scriptures. Specific emphasis on the development of interpretation skills of these predominantly narrative materials; critical issues that arise from this particular genre; and the role of these biblical texts in the Church’s ongoing theological reflection.

• BIB 303 - Prophets and Politics

  Credit Hours: 3

  An exegetical study of selected books in the Old Testament corpus of major and minor prophets as part of the Church’s Scriptures. Specific emphasis on interpretation skills of these biblical texts; critical issues that arise from this particular genre; and the role of these texts in the Church’s ongoing theological reflection and Christian witness.

• BIB 304 - Genesis: Creation and Fall

  Credit Hours: 3

  Focuses on the book of Genesis as part of the Church’s Scripture. Attention given to presuppositions and interpretative methodologies (such as historical, literary, and canonical criticism). Emphasis on the text’s significant theological contributions to Christian teachings about God, humanity, creation and salvation.

• BIB 308 - History of the Bible: Origins, Development, and Canon

  Credit Hours: 3

  Examines the production and transmission of written materials in the ancient world. Focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek as vehicles of written communication. Evaluates and compares the various theories of canonization and examines the historical process by which they occurred. Includes principles of text criticism, text assessment, and decision-making related to various translations. Explores guidance in choosing biblical versions, identifying landmarks in the history of biblical translation, and issues of the current debate.

• BIB 313 - Four Gospels; One Jesus

  Credit Hours: 3

  An exegetical and theological study of the four canonical Gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. Analyzes the unique nature and character of each Gospel while affirming the unity of their presentation of Christ. Emphasis on current critical approaches and the role of these texts in the Church’s on-going theological reflection, preaching, teaching, and practice. Addresses critical issues arising out of careful study of these biblical texts, such as the synoptic problem, the unique nature of the gospel of John, and the question of the historical Jesus.

• BIB 333 - Paul: Preacher, Pastor, and Theologian

  Credit Hours: 3

  An exegetical study of selected letters of the Pauline corpus. Emphasis on current critical approaches to these letters, to the development of skills in the interpretation of these and other letters, and to the role of these texts in the Church’s ongoing theological reflection. Addresses critical issues arising out of the careful study of these texts, such as authorship questions, influences on the life of Paul, and the relationship of these letters to the materials in Acts.

• BIB 404 - Biblical Wisdom and Postmodern Culture

  Credit Hours: 3

  The exegetical study of texts from the Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Songs to assess the canonical role and theological contributions of these materials within the life of the Church. Considers perspectives on reality which these materials offer, as well as attendant implications for Christian doctrine, ethics, and spiritual formation.

• BIB 407 - Revelation, Eschatology, and the End of the World

  Credit Hours: 3

  An exegetical, historical, and theological study of the Revelation (or Apocalypse) of John. Surveys apocalyptic texts in the Old Testament, the Intertestamental period, and the Gospels in order to provide an interpretive framework for reading the Revelation. Broadly considers the topic of eschatology (study of the end times) with emphasis on the 2nd Temple Jewish eschatology, early Christian eschatology, and contemporary understandings of the end of the world.

• BIB 408 - The Bible in Global Perspectives

  Credit Hours: 3

  Addresses key issues in contemporary readings of the Bible, drawing upon hermeneutical and theological tools, and explores biblical interpretation and theological development of the church in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and among minority communities in the West. Enables students to engage with global perspectives on Christian faith and practice and foster their skills as Bible interpreters and theologians.

• BIB 484 - Seminar in Bible

  Credit Hours: 3

  Advanced seminar in Bible, offering exegetical study of selected texts. Even years will focus on Old Testament; odd years will focus on New Testament. Students hone interpretive, research, presentation, and/or teaching skills through assignments such as interpretive projects, research papers, critical book reviews, and in-class presentations (including, but not limited to, leading the seminar). Students who know biblical languages are encouraged to engage the Bible in its original language. Recommended for students planning to pursue graduate studies.

• BIB 490 - Senior Honors Project

  Credit Hours: 3

  See Courses for All Disciplines.

  Prerequisite: Registration application.

Biology

• BIO 100 - Principles of Biology

  Credit Hours: 4

  Introduces the non-biology major to the entire field of biology. Introduces basic concepts and facts of biology, the methods by which this information is gained, and the issues that arise with the development and use of these facts and concepts. Does not count toward major or minor.

  Corequisite: BIO 100L

  Lab Required: Yes
  Course Fee: Yes

• BIO 100L - Principles of Biology Lab

  Credit Hours: 0

• BIO 101 - Principles of Human Biology

  Credit Hours: 3

  A survey course covering the basic principles of human biology including cells, metabolism, basic human anatomy and physiology, human impacts on the environment, and the science behind such topics as diet, alcohol and drug abuse, smoking, common human diseases, and pollution. For site or online students only. Students in main campus programs may petition to register for this course, but petitions will be granted for only extreme circ*mstances.

  Lab Required: Yes

• BIO 111 - Introductory Biology I

  Credit Hours: 4

  A survey of organismal biology, anatomy, physiology, energetics, cell structure, phylogeny, ecology, and environmental biology.

  Corequisite: BIO 111L.

  Lab Required: Yes
  Course Fee: Yes

• BIO 111L - Introductory Biology I Lab

  Credit Hours: 0

• BIO 112 - Introductory Biology II

  Credit Hours: 4

  A survey of the cellular, molecular, and genetic bases of life.

  Corequisite: BIO 112L

  Lab Required: Yes
  Course Fee: Yes

• BIO 112L - Introductory Biology II Lab

  Credit Hours: 0

• BIO 173 - Freshman Seminar in Biology

  Credit Hours: 2

  Introduces requirements for success in biology with academic and vocational focus. Uses guest speakers and seminars. Emphasizes skills in scientific writing style and the evaluation of scientific claims.

• BIO 206 - Genes and Speciation

  Credit Hours: 3

  Introduction to evolutionary biology. Basic population genetics and discussions of how selection, migration, mutation, and genetic drift affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibria. Detailed examination of speciation and the history of life on Earth. Discussions of Christian responses to the origins debate.

• BIO 232 - Microbiology for Nurses

  Credit Hours: 3

  Essential structure and function of microorganisms with focus on recent advances in medical microbiology, pathogens, disease control, and natural and artificial immunity.

  Prerequisite: BIO 265and CHE 142
  Corequisite: BIO 232L

  Lab Required: Yes
  Course Fee: Yes

  Minimum Grade Required B- for nursing majors

• BIO 232L - Microbiology for Nurses Lab

  Credit Hours: 0

• BIO 234 - Pathophysiology for Nurses

  Credit Hours: 3

  Examines why certain diseases affect physical appearance; medication effectiveness, side effects, and reasons for complications; and how pathophysiology forms the rationale for evidence-based medicine.

  Prerequisite: BIO 265and CHE 142
  Minimum Grade Required B- for nursing majors

• BIO 236 - Pharmacology for Nurses

  Credit Hours: 3

  Introduces the principles of pharmacology, including pharmaco*kinetics, pharmacodynamics, mediation interactions, and potential adverse medication reactions. Emphasizes how drug classifications and nursing care relate to the safe administration of medication to patients across the lifespan.

  Minimum Grade Required B- for nursing majors

• BIO 261 - Human Anatomy

  Credit Hours: 4

  A detailed study of the human organism at the cellular, tissue, and organ system levels. The relationship between structure and function is covered with emphasis on structural relationships.

  Prerequisite: BIO 111
  Corequisite: BIO 261L

• BIO 261L - Human Anatomy Lab

  Credit Hours: 0

• BIO 262 - Genetics for Nurses

  Credit Hours: 3

  Genetic bases for health and disease. Basic genetic principles with applications to health care and the future of medicine.

  Prerequisite: BIO 232
  Minimum Grade Required B- for nursing majors

• BIO 264 - Anatomy and Physiology I

  Credit Hours: 4

  First in a two-course series. Essential elements of basic biology plus detailed study of anatomy and physiology. Examines each system of the body regarding both structure and function. Special emphasis placed on medical and health applications of class material. Material to be covered: essentials of biology (cellular and molecular basics), human cells and tissues, integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, nervous system, and endocrine system. Laboratory study includes microscope work along with substantial organ and animal dissection.

  Corequisite: BIO 264L

  Lab Required: Yes
  Course Fee: Yes

  Minimum Grade Required B- for nursing majors

• BIO 264L - Anatomy and Physiology I Lab

  Credit Hours: 0

• BIO 265 - Anatomy and Physiology II

  Credit Hours: 4

  Second in a two-course series. Continues the study of the structure and function of the body. Material to be covered: excretory system, reproductive system, cardiovascular system, immune system, lymphatic system, respiratory system, and digestive system.

  Prerequisite: BIO 264
  Corequisite: BIO 265L

  Lab Required: Yes
  Course Fee: Yes

  Minimum Grade Required B- for nursing majors

• BIO 265L - Anatomy and Physiology II Lab

  Credit Hours: 0

• BIO 281 - Environmental Science

  Credit Hours: 4

  Current global and local environmental problems and concerns are examined. Scientific bases of problems and possible solutions are included. Topics include atmospheric pollution, population, energy, solid waste, toxic waste, water and others. A biblical stewardship approach is integrated with course context.

  Corequisite: BIO 281L

  Lab Required: Yes
  Course Fee: Yes

• BIO 281L - Environmental Science Lab

  Credit Hours: 0

• BIO 305 - Principles of Genetics

  Credit Hours: 4

  Introduces the underlying concepts in genetics. Includes a detailed study of Mendelian inheritance patterns in a variety of organisms; an introduction to human genetic diseases; the genetic control of development; the genetics of populations; and evolution.

  Prerequisite: BIO 111or BIO 112
  Corequisite: BIO 305L

  Lab Required: Yes
  Course Fee: Yes

• BIO 305L - Principles of Genetics Lab

  Credit Hours: 0

• BIO 321 - Parasitology

  Credit Hours: 4

  Structure, life history, and effects on the host of various parasitic animals. Laboratory examination and demonstration of hosts and parasites.

  Prerequisite: BIO 111
  Corequisite: BIO 321L

  Lab Required: Yes
  Course Fee: Yes

• BIO 321L - Parasitology Lab

  Credit Hours: 0

• BIO 330 - Plant Organismal Biology

  Credit Hours: 4

  Studies of photosynthetic life, particularly plants, at the organismal level, including how mankind and society have been, are, and will be dependent upon photosynthetic organisms, the recognition, classification, and geographic distribution of plants, and the ecological impact and roles of photosynthetic life.

  Prerequisite: BIO 111and BIO 112
  Lab Required: Yes
  Course Fee: Yes

• BIO 330L - Plant Organismal Biology Lab

  Credit Hours: 0

• BIO 342 - Vertebrate Zoology

  Credit Hours: 4

  Lecture, laboratory, and field work in collection, identification, distribution, and environmental relationship of Michigan vertebrates. Includes comparative anatomy and physiology.

  Prerequisite: BIO 111
  Additional Requirements:
  Requires a long weekend field trip with some strenuous activities.
  Lab Required: Yes
  Course Fee: Yes

• BIO 345 - Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology

  Credit Hours: 4

  Introduction to and application of the theories, concepts, and techniques of cellular and molecular biology directed towards the study of photosynthetic life. Integrates discussion and analyses of basic and applied biological research techniques, biotechnological systems, phytoremediation efforts, and medical/pharmaceutical applications involving photosynthetic organisms, particularly plants.

  Prerequisite: BIO 111, BIO 112, CHE 111, and junior classification or instructor’s permission
  Corequisite: BIO 345L

  Lab Required: Yes
  Course Fee: Yes

• BIO 345L - Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology Lab

  Credit Hours: 0

  Corequisite: BIO 345

• BIO 352 - Microbiology

  Credit Hours: 4

  A comprehensive study of microorganisms including importance, diversity, metabolism, growth, control, genetics, host microbe interaction, immunity, and disease. Laboratory work supplements lecture and affords practice in identification, cultivation, and observation of microorganism.

  Prerequisite: BIO 111, BIO 112, CHE 111, or instructor’s permission
  Corequisite: BIO 352L

  Course Fee: Yes

• BIO 352L - Microbiology Lab

  Credit Hours: 0

• BIO 362 - Principles of Ecology

  Credit Hours: 4

  A study of the components and interrelationships of the components of ecosystems. Topics include biotic-abiotic interaction, biotic-biotic interactions, species diversity, population ecology, species distribution, biogeochemistry, ecological change, and community ecosystem patterns and distribution.

  Prerequisite: BIO 111or BIO 112
  Corequisite: BIO 362L.

  Lab Required: Yes
  Course Fee: Yes

• BIO 362L - Principles of Ecology Lab

  Credit Hours: 0

• BIO 365 - Introduction to Pharmacology

  Credit Hours: 3

  Introduces pharmacodynamics, pharmaco*kinetics, and basic dosing theory. Survey of anti-hypertensives, lipid-lowering drugs, pharmacology regarding coronary artery disease and angina pectoralis, diuretics, asthma management, anti-inflammatory drugs, sympathomimetic drugs, and management of diabetes mellitus. Case studies, readings, and class discussion. Medical terminology appropriate to the preceding topics.

  Prerequisite: BIO 111, CHE 105, and junior classification

• BIO 401 - Cell Biology

  Credit Hours: 3

  Advanced topics in cellular biology. Examines the structure in relation to the function of subcellular organelles of eukaryotic cells. Includes a survey of the current pertinent scientific literature

  Prerequisite: BIO 111,BIO 112, andCHE 112

• BIO 404 - Human Physiology

  Credit Hours: 4

  A study of the function of organ systems as they relate to the human organism survival in its environment. Includes study of the digestive, circulatory, respiratory, sensory, and endocrine systems, plus specialized topics.

  Prerequisite: BIO 261or BIO 264, and junior classification
  Corequisite: BIO 404L

  Lab Required: Yes
  Course Fee: Yes

• BIO 404L - Human Physiology Lab

  Credit Hours: 0

• BIO 406 - Molecular Genetics

  Credit Hours: 4

  Examines the molecular understanding of genes including gene structure and expression, structure and replication of DNA, organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, the role of genes in the development in the generation of immune diversity, and the role of oncogenes in cancer.

  Prerequisite: BIO 305and junior classification
  Corequisite: BIO 406L

  Lab Required: Yes
  Course Fee: Yes